Surface morphology: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
Line 25: | Line 25: | ||
[[File:FSW of Ni carbon steel using WC-Co-TaC-NbC tool with 2.5 wt-percent Y2O3 and 5 wt-percent Ni © Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed et al, WC-Based Composite Tools for FSW. Metals 2021, 11, 285, CC BY 4.0.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|FSW of Ni base alloy using WC-Co-TaC-NbC tool with 2.5 wt-percent Y2O3 and 5 wt-percent]] | [[File:FSW of Ni carbon steel using WC-Co-TaC-NbC tool with 2.5 wt-percent Y2O3 and 5 wt-percent Ni © Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed et al, WC-Based Composite Tools for FSW. Metals 2021, 11, 285, CC BY 4.0.jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.5|FSW of Ni base alloy using WC-Co-TaC-NbC tool with 2.5 wt-percent Y2O3 and 5 wt-percent]] | ||
<div style="clear:both;"> | <div style="clear:both;"> | ||
When welding carbon steel the annealing colors are less visible as shown here on a | When welding carbon steel the annealing colors are less visible as shown here on a weld that shows some anomalities at the start. | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references /> | <references /> |
Revision as of 14:42, 6 December 2021
Surface morphology is a subset of analytical imaging to describe the macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the top surface friction stir welds
In some cases, high spatial resolution imaging made with sophisticated microscopes is used to produce images of products, samples and objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye.
Friction stir welding of steel
Friction stir welding (FSW) of Ni base alloy and of carbon steel was conducted during the development of WC-based composite tools for FSW of high-softening-temperature materials at the Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University in Saudi Arabia and the Suez University in Egypt et al.[1]
The FSW tool was made from WC-based composites with 5 wt% Ni and 2.5 wt% Y2O3.[1]
A visually acceptable weld shows a homogeneous surface from the start to the stop. The annealing colors above the heat affected zone are superficial colorations that result from the application of heat. They can be used on some materials such as stainless steels and copper alloys to assess and monitor the heat input during and even after FSW.
If large surface breaking voids, as at the start of this weld, or small surface breaking voids are visible, as at near the middle of this weld, the weld does not meet the acceptance criteria described in ISO 25239-1:2020(en) — Part 5: Quality and inspection requirements.
When welding carbon steel the annealing colors are less visible as shown here on a weld that shows some anomalities at the start.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed, Waheed S. Barakat, Abdelkarim Y. A. Mohamed 3, Naser A. Alsaleh and Omayma A. Elkady: The Development of WC-Based Composite Tools for Friction Stir Welding of High-Softening Temperature Materials. Metals 2021, 11, 285, https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020285, CC BY 4.0.