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| Line 114: |
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| |Tim Haynie || Bond Technologies Inc., USA || Industrial Company || 2022-02-09 | | |Tim Haynie || Bond Technologies Inc., USA || Industrial Company || 2022-02-09 |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
| == Presentations ==
| |
| ===<big> ''Development of a new stitch friction stir welding gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets.'' [https://www.linkedin.com/in/dominik-walz-51aa55153/ Dominik Walz], [https://www.mpa.uni-stuttgart.de/en/ MPA Stuttgart], Germany, start at 15:55 min</big>===
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-001.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Dominik Walz, Materials Testing Institute University of Stuttgart (MPA): ''Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets.'' 7th aiCAMstir meeting, 26 Jan 2023]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-002.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Agenda: Motivation, State of the art, Working principle, Design and Engineering of the „Steppwelder“, Materials and Methods, Effect of the stitch weld length on mechanical
| |
| properties and microstructure, Conclusion & Outlook]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-003.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Motivation:
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| Multi-material usage in car body construction for an optimal weight to strength
| |
| ratio,
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| Big variety of joining technologies,
| |
| Friction Stir Welding (FSW) not represented despite process advantages,
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| There is a lack of flexible, automatable machines and system solutions for FSW]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-004.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|State of the art – robot guided friction stir welding]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-005.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Design & Optimization:
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| Working principle,
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| Design and Engineering of the Steppwelders
| |
| ]]
| |
|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-006.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Working principle of the „Steppwelder“]]
| |
|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-007.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Working principle of the „Steppwelder“:
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| Angled plate with short 10 mm stitch welds,
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| Angled plate with 45 mm stitch welds,
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| Curved weld consisting of intersecting stitch welds]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-008.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Working principle of the „Steppwelder“:
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| Motor cooling circuit,
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| Main bearing (tapered roller bearings),
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| Caseless motor,
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| Internal water cooling,
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| Motor feedback,
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| Tool holder (Collet ER32)
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| ]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-009.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Feasibility of cycle time reduction:
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| Parameter set, Plunge speed [mm/s], Holding time [s], Feed speed [m/min], Retract speed [mm/s]]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-010.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Agenda:
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| Materials and Methods,
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| Effect of the stitch weld length on mechanical properties and microstructure]]
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|
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| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-011.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-012.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds: Welding, Test program (
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| Temperature measurements,
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| Macroscopic intersections,
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| Hardness measurements,
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| Tensile tests,
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| Fatigue tests)
| |
| Conclusions
| |
| ]]
| |
|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-013.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds:
| |
| Hypothesis:
| |
| Through repeated plunging, the material does not have
| |
| sufficient time to cool down, it assumes a state similar to
| |
| the artificially aged state in the area of re-plunging,
| |
| Repeated annealing ( following stitching joints) causes
| |
| (over-) aging,
| |
| The mechanical properties are affected by
| |
| those temperature cycles]]
| |
|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-014.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds - Temperature measurements
| |
| Coarsening of precipitates at temperatures >175 °C
| |
| after FSW [Sat02, Rod09].
| |
| Big precipitates grow at the expense of smaller
| |
| precipitates and block them.
| |
| Coarse precipitation pattern leads to a decrease in
| |
| hardness.
| |
| The higher the heat input, the wider the area of lower
| |
| hardness in the weld [Sat02]]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-015.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds – Microstructure and hardness]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-016.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds – Tensile tests:
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| Substitute proof strength R<sub>p0,2</sub> constant,
| |
| Tensile strength R<sub>m</sub> scalable with stitch weld length,
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| A<sub>g</sub> scalable with stitch weld length]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-017.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds – Fatigue tests / Wöhler curve]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-018.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Characterizing of friction stitch welds – Fatigue tests:
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| Influence / Scaling effect of the stitch length on the stress amplitude,
| |
| Tunnel defects occuring with this parameter set on conventional FSW welds and long stitch welds have an impact on the
| |
| results]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-019.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Conclusion & Outlook:<br />
| |
| ❖ A functioning welding gun was developed and tested.<br />
| |
| ❖ It is possible to perform intersecting stitch welds with excellent strength properties.<br />
| |
| ❖ The tensile strength, ultimate plastic elongation and fatigue strength can be scaled with the stitch weld length.<br />
| |
| ❖ The temperature cycles in intersecting stitched welds have a significant effect on the microstructure and
| |
| hardness distribution of the welds.<br />
| |
| ➢ Further mechanical improvment of the design of the welding gun <br />
| |
| ➢ Installation and start-up of a robotic manufacturing cell <br />
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| ➢ Further investigation of the mechanical properties of the joints <br />
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| ➢ Overlap joints, variation of materials (5xxx, 7xxx alloy) <br />
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| ➢ Further improvment/ reduction of the weld cycle time <br />
| |
| ➢ Practical demonstrators (3-sheet connection, influence of adhesive,...)]]
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|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-020.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|Presentation data published at: [https://www.mdpi.com/2052690 https://www.mdpi.com/2052690]]]
| |
|
| |
| [[File:Dominik Walz, Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023 © MPA Stuttgart-page-021.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Dominik Walz (MPA Stuttgart), Development of a new stitch FSW gun and mechanical behavior of intersecting stitch welded AA 6016-T4 sheets, aiCAMstir, 26 Jan 2023|[[Seventh aiCAMstir Meeting, 26 January 2023#Literature|Literature (please click here or scroll down)]]]]
| |
| <div style="clear:both;">
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|
| |
| ===<big> ''Effect of FSW tool geometry on the joint quality of AA2024-T3/AA7075T6 joints in butt configuration.'' [https://www.linkedin.com/in/reza-beygi-99a84264/ Reza Beygi], [http://www.inegi.pt/en/news/new-flexible-and-modular-equipment-for-friction-stir-welding-fsw-in-diverse-materials-such-as-metal-alloys-polymers-composites-and-multi-material-combinations/ INEGI], Porto, Portugal, start at 39:50 min</big>===
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-001.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|R. Beygia (Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal) and LFM da Silva (Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal): ''Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3/AA7075-T6 Joints in Butt Configuration.'' Seventh aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> meeting, 26 January 2023]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-002.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Content. Introduction,
| |
| Method,
| |
| Results and discussion,
| |
| Conclusion]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-003.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Introduction: Applications AA2024 and AA7075 alloys:
| |
| Aerospace industry (wing, fuselage, outer panel structure),
| |
| Advantages of these alloys,
| |
| Weight reduction,
| |
| High fatigue strength,
| |
| Challenges of joining of these alloys by fusion welding processes,
| |
| Solidification cracking,
| |
| Distortion
| |
| ]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-004.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Introduction: Friction stir welding (FSW),
| |
| No melting and solidification,
| |
| Lower heat,
| |
| Issues during FSW,
| |
| Defects formation,
| |
| Softening,
| |
| Lack of consolidation,
| |
| Kissing bond,
| |
| Dissolution of the precipitates,
| |
| Coarsening of the precipitates]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-005.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Introduction: Aims of the present study,
| |
| Obtaining the highest UTS of joints between AA2024T3-AA7075T6,
| |
| The effect of tool geometry on UTS of the joints]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-006.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Experimental procedure: Materials,
| |
| Sheets with 3 mm thicknesses,
| |
| Process (DOE based on central composite design)]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-007.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Experimental procedure: Tool geometries]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-008.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Experimental procedure:
| |
| Characterization of the joints:
| |
| Tensile testing: ASTM E8-M,
| |
| Optical microscopy,
| |
| Scanning electron microscopy (SEM),
| |
| Fractography]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-009.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Experimental procedure:
| |
| Artificial Neural Network (ANN)]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-010.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Results of the tensile test]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-011.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Results of the tensile test]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-012.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Neural network results]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-013.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Interaction plot]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-014.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Welds cross sections]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-015.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Interaction plot]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-016.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Interaction plot]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-017.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Interaction plot]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-018.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Results and discussion:
| |
| Interaction plot]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-019.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Conclusions:
| |
| Main results]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-020.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints| Conclusions:
| |
| Main results: <br/>
| |
| - ANN was successfully used to understand the effect of welding parameters and tool geometry on the ultimate
| |
| tensile strengths of the welds. The optimum condition was obtained by the SA method which corresponded to the
| |
| experimental result successfully. <br/>
| |
| - All the joints possessed a root defect at a low rotation speed of the joint due to a lack of material flow under the
| |
| pin. <br/>
| |
| - The joints made by the pyramidal pin possessed the lowest joint strengths due to the various welding defects at
| |
| different tool rotation speeds: At 1200 rpm the lack of plastic flow, at 1000 rpm the banding structure, and 800 rpm
| |
| the root defect. <br/>
| |
| - The joints made by the conical pin were free of defects at higher rotation speeds but still had a low tensile
| |
| strength. This was attributed to the softening caused by the precipitates coarsening in the stir zone due to a high
| |
| temperature during welding. <br/>
| |
| - The UTS of the welded specimens had little sensitivity to the welding speed. <br/>
| |
| - The optimum joint strength was obtained using the cylindrical tool at high rotation speed where the root defect
| |
| disappeared due to enough material flow. This tool having a low volume did not cause a high temperature during
| |
| welding and therefore softening was minimized.]]
| |
| [[File:Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints-page-021.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Reza Beygi and LFM da Silva: Effect of FSW Tool Geometry on the Joint Quality of AA2024-T3AA7075-T6 Joints|Any question? Thank you for
| |
| your attention]]
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| <div style="clear:both;">
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