View source for AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29 July 2021

The '''aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> Kick-off Meeting''' was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees.

== Link to the video ==
{| width=100% cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" valign="top"
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|style="background:#E5EDDE; border:1px solid #D5DECD"|[https://ftsengineeringanswers-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/mike_lewis_fts-engineeringanswers_com/EVQQX36Tmc1JrtIVDVg5U5QBdTNM08bdI7g31awWOLvxOw?e=4%3aAmnZiS&at=9 '''Recording of the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> Kick-off Meeting''' (64 min)]
|}

== Title slide ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 01.jpeg ‎|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Title slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees.|Title slide of the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 17 attendees]]

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== Screenshot ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 02.JPG‎|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Photos of six attendees and a list of the 17 attendees.|Screenshot of the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> Kick-off Meeting. Please click [https://ftsengineeringanswers-my.sharepoint.com/:v:/g/personal/mike_lewis_fts-engineeringanswers_com/EVQQX36Tmc1JrtIVDVg5U5QBdTNM08bdI7g31awWOLvxOw?e=4%3aAmnZiS&at=9 '''here'''] to see the recording of the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> Kick-off Meeting (64 min)]]]

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==List of Attendees ==
(alphabetically sorted by first name)

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Company !! People !! Status !! Signed-up on
|-
| Please enter your company name || Azman Ismail - Ts. Dr. || Guest ||
|-
| Please enter your company name || Breno Boretti Galizoni || Guest ||
|-
| Please enter your company name || Erhard Buchmann  || Guest ||
|-
| Please enter your company name || Gokhan Tekin_Alcomet_R&D_Director (Konuk) || Guest || 
|-
| [[LAMEF]] || [[User:Guilherme V. B. Lemos|Guilherme V. B. Lemos]] || R&D Institute || 2021-06-01
|-
| [[Two companies - one team: Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH|Latrock GmbH]] || [[Two companies - one team: Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH#Heorhii Vdovychenko|Heorhii Vdovychenko]] || Data science, machine learning etc || 2021-07-12
|-
| [[Sabe Technology Ltd]] || [[User:Josselin Guillozet at Sabe|Josselin Guillozet]] || Consultancy service provider || 2021-02-18
|-
| Please enter your institute's name || [[User:Koenfaes|Koen Faes]] || R&D Institute || 2021-04-14
|-
| Please enter your company name ||  Laurie Da Silva || Guest || 
|-
| [[FTS Engineering Answers Ltd]] || [[User:Mike Lewis at FTS Engineering Answers|Mike Lewis]] || Consultancy service provider || 2021-01-14
|-
| Please enter your company name || Mansoor, Bilal || Guest || 
|-
| Please enter your company name || MJ Sefat || Guest || 
|-
| Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad  || Sandeep Pankade|| Guest || 
|-
| Please enter your institute's name || [[User:Renan Landell|Renan Landell]] || R&D Institute || 2021-06-07
|-
| Please enter your institute's name || [[User:Sandeep|Sandeep]] || R&D Institute || 2021-07-25
|-
| Please enter your company name || Shivraman  || Guest || 
|-
| [[AluStir]] || [[User:Stephan Kallee at AluStir|Stephan Kallee]] || Consultancy service provider || 2021-01-14
|}

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== Agenda ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 03.JPG‎|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Agenda of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting.|Agenda of the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> Kick-off Meeting: <br />
• Welcome and introduction (2-3 sentences each) <br />
• Computer Aided Manufacturing of friction stir welds - [[Vision|The vision]] ([[User:Stephan Kallee at AluStir|Stephan Kallee]], [[AluStir]]) <br />
• Computional Fluid Dynamics (Mike Lewis, FTS Engineering Answers Ltd) <br />
• Artificial Intelligence and machine learning algorithms (Josselin Guillozet, Sabe Technology Ltd) <br />
• Analytical models (Simon Smith, Transforming Stress Ltd) <br />
• Friction Stir Welding (LAMEF/UFRGS) <br />
• Two companies – one team (Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH) <br />
• Needs and contributions of the attendees (3-5 sentences) <br />
• Discussion <br />
• Organisational comments and date of next meeting]]

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== Computer Aided Manufacturing of friction stir welds - The vision ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 04.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Stephan Kallee being interviewed: "Parameter optimisation is often difficult during prototyping, production ramp-up and production. We want to create an open access cloud, where FSW users can upload and use data and information for machine learning."|Stephan Kallee commented: "Parameter optimisation is often difficult during prototyping, production ramp-up and production," and he shared his vison: "We want to create an open access cloud, where FSW users can upload and use data and information for machine learning."]]


[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 05.jpg|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=aiCAMstir: artificial intelligence (machine learning) in Computer Aided Manufacturing of friction stir welds - The friction stir weld made at 1300 rev/min and 1000 mm/m welding speed shows the visually best results so far.|Three friction stir welds made at 5000 rev/min, 3000 rev/min and 1300 rev/min at 1000 mm/m welding speed. The weld with the lowest rotation speed  has the best visusal apprearance.]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 06.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|Avoid: <br />
• Wrong parameters <br />
• Simple tools <br />
• Inappropriate machines <br />
• Chamfer, radius or taper on workpieces <br />
• Insufficient clamping <br />
<br />
Reasons for low-quality welds: <br />
• Downward pressure is too low <br />
• Welding speed is too fast or slow <br />
• Rotation speed is too high or low <br />
• Tool position is too high <br />
• Tool rotates in the wrong direction <br />
• Gap between the work pieces ]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 07 .JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Quality depends on Parameters, Variables and Boundary values |FSW: Data to be processed: Input data and output data. The quality depends on parameters, variables and boundary values]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 08.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Main challenges: hooking, thinning and Rremnant joint line|Hooking, thinning and remant joint lines are typical challenges if conventinal FSW butt welding tools are used for Lap welding]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 09.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Three concepts for improved FSW tools|Improved tool designs to be investigated in the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> project]]

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== Computional Fluid Dynamics ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 10.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|FSW Simulation using Computional Fluid Dynamics (CFD) – Butt Weld <br />
Torque Comparison: <br />
• Test = 38 Nm <br />
• CFD = 30 Nm <br />
<br />
Heat Input Comparison: <br />
• Test = 2000 W <br />
• CFD = 1800 W <br />
<br />
FTS is also involved in: <br />
• Standard Setting (energy Institute Subsea Guidelines) <br />
• Joint Industry Projects <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Multiphase FIV JIP <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Multiphase FIV SIG <br />
• Many trouble shooting projects]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 11.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|FSW Simulation using Computerised Fluid Dynamics (CFD) – Butt Weld <br />

Comparison with Aldanonda Work for conventional thread at 1200 rpm and 250 mm/min
[https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/7/872 www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/10/7/872]]]

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== Artificial Intelligence and machine learning algorithms ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 12.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|•The first step is the construction of a '''high-quality dataset''' of good and bad welding. This dataset may consist of experimental and/or numerical samples.<br />
<br />
•'''Machine learning''' models could then be trained to predict the right set of tool parameters to achieve a good welding (supervised learning)<br />
<br />
• '''Input parameters (features)''' of the models may be: <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Physical quantities and derivatives <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Time series of these same physical quantities <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Images/videos <br />
<br />
• '''Output (target)''' may be a continuous variable like the torque ('''regression''') or whether the welding is expected to be good or bad ('''classification''')]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 13.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|• “Non-deep” learning models like '''Linear Regression, Support Vector Machine or Decision Trees''' may be directly used with well-designed input features. The model may be inspired by equations of the expected physics. <br />
<br />
• '''Signal/Image processing''' and Computer Vision methods may help extract relevant features from images or videos. <br />
<br />
• '''Deep Neural Networks''' may be used to extract more subtle patterns from images/videos or time series (e.g. Convolutional Neural Network - CNN).]]

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== Analytical models ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 14.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|Predictions of [[FSW Power]]: <br />
• Torque, 𝑡, needed to make a weld is unknown <br />
• Power consumed by tool rotation is 𝑡𝜔 <br />
• Can these be calculated?]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 15.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|The FSW circle: <br />
• Torque, 𝒕, Function of strength <br />
• FSW Power, 𝑷, Function of torque <br />
• Temperature, 𝑻, Function of power <br /> 
• Strength, 𝝈, Function of temperature]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 16.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|Baseline variables for analysis <br />
• Temperature, 𝑇 is a function of the unknown power, and: <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Distance from tool axis, 𝑥 <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Travel speed, 𝑣 <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Thermal properties, conductivity, 𝑘 and diffusivity, 𝑎 <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Room temperature, 𝑇<sub>0</sub> <br />
• Strength, 𝜎 is a function of the unknown temperature, and: <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Room temperature strength, 𝜎<sub>𝑅𝑇</sub> <br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Material melting temperature, 𝑇<sub>𝑀</sub> <br />
• Torque, 𝑡 is a function of the unknown material strength near the tool, and:<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• The radius of the tool, 𝑅 <br />
• FSW power is equal to the unknown torque, 𝑡 times the rotation speed,	&#969;]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 17.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|Assumed relationships:<br />
• Temperature, 𝑇 predicted using a Rosenthal equation, assuming 
power, 𝑃<br />
• Strength, 𝜎 assumed to be a known function of 𝑇 between the room<br />
temperature value, 𝜎<sub>𝑅𝑇</sub> and zero at the melting point, 𝑇<sub>𝑀</sub><br />
• Torque based upon the need to “yield” the material with strength, 𝜎<br />
• Power straightforward function of torque, 𝑡 and rotation speed, &#969;<br />
• Hence:<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Four equations<br />
&nbsp;&nbsp;• Four unknowns (𝑇, 𝑡, 𝜎, 𝑃)<br />
• Answer: FSW power based upon (𝑣, 𝜎𝑅𝑇, 𝑇<sub>𝑀</sub>, 𝑅, &#969;, 𝑘, 𝑎)
]]

[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 18.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|Example:<br />
• Thick plate Rosenthal gives: [[FSW_Power#Power.2C_.7F.27.22.60UNIQ-MathJax28-QINU.60.22.27.7F |Power 𝑃]]
]]

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== Friction Stir Welding ==
Eight introductory slides were presented by Laboratório de Metalurgia Física ([[LAMEF]]):

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[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 01.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees|Friction stir welding (LAMEF/UFRGS)]]

[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 02.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees|'''Physical Metallurgy Laboratory (LAMEF):''' <br/> We are part of the Metallurgy Department, School of Engineering, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil. We have four professors, thirty engineers and one technician who together with PhD students, Masters and undergraduates compose a workgroup of around 200 people in different areas of expertise. We have an impressive infrastructure for the characterization of engineering materials, as well as performing mechanical tests in air and in corrosive media, numerical simulation (finite element) and non-destructive tests. <br />
• Please have a look at https://vimeo.com/261297853 <br />
• Visit our website on https://www.ufrgs.br/lamef/english/index.html]]

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== Friction stir welding ==
[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 04.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees|Friction stir welding (FSW): FSW machine (4000 rpm, 70 kN, 2000 mm) and process.]]

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== Friction stir welding: weld characterization: ==
[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 05.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees|'''FSW: Weld characterisation''' <br/> 
• Mechanical properties <br />
&nbps;&nbsp;• Bending tests <br />
&nbps;&nbsp;• Tensile tests <br />
• Metallurgical characterisation <br />
&nbps;&nbsp;• Tool wear analysis]]

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== FSW: Numerical Simulation ==
[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 06.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees|FSW: Numerical Simulation: https://youtu.be/d0_as7Nf_Q0]]
 
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== Friction-based welding processes at LAMEF/UFRGS ==
[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 07.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees|*Friction-based welding processes at LAMEF/UFRGS: <br />
&nbps;&nbsp;• Friction Stir Welding (FSW): https://youtu.be/mYYn7O_w06s
&nbps;&nbsp;• Friction hydro-pillar processing: https://youtu.be/j--FMNFIYVI <br />
&nbps;&nbsp;• Linear friction welding: https://youtu.be/j3pm_rTK1GE <br />
&nbps;&nbsp;• Friction welding of pipes: https://youtu.be/DoNgR33GDnA <br />

* Recent publication on FSW of AA 5083: http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2176-1523.20202450]]

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[[File:Friction stir welding (LAMEF, UFRGS), Set 2021, 08.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=Slide of the aiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, which was held online on 29th July 2021 with 16 attendees| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGSF, ProEng - Unidade EMBRAPII, Laboratório de Metalurgia Física – LAME]]

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== Two companies – one team  ==
[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 01.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=Smart Industry Group: Ukrainian company specializing in developing software for PLC, SCADA-systems, and software solutions in various industries - Latrock GmbH: German company specializing in Data Science, Machine Learning, Web Development, DevOps, Embedded System, IoT and Mobile Applications.|Two companies - one team: Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH]]

[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 02.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=Computer vision, Machine learning, Data science - Cloud-based platforms - IoT - Embedded systems - Desktop, mobile and Web-applications - Industrial automation|Our Competencies]]
[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 03.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=Web, Data Science, Embedded Systems, DevOps, Mobile, Industrial Automation|Relaed Technologies]]

[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 04.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=Removing defects and flaws from marble surfaces is a great deal of time and manual effort. Zella-Mehlis machine fully automates marble refinishing and makes this significantly faster.
|Key projects: Marble Processing Machine: [https://www.zim.de/ZIM/Redaktion/DE/Publikationen/Erfolgsbeispiele/Internationale-Kooperationen/202-en-an-automated-way-to-refinish-marble.html Mention on the website of German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy]]]

[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 05.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=AI coach in a mobile app which analyses fitness exercises and provides statistic.
|Key projects: Kerebra]]
[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 06.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=Technologies: С++, Rust, Golang, Python, TensorFlow, Flutter, Firebase, PostgreSQL - Platform: Google Cloud Platform, Kubernetes, Android, iOS, Web|Key projects: Insolar]]

[[File:Two companies - one team; Smart Industry Group and Latrock GmbH 07.jpg|thumb|left|upright=4|alt=Smart Industry Group, Kharkiv, Poltavsky Shlyakh str., 123 - Latrock GmbH, Darmstädter Landstr. 116, 60598 Frankfurt am Main|'''Contacts:'''<br/>• '''Smart Industry Group''', Kharkiv, Poltavsky Shlyakh str., 123, Phone: +38 (067) 765 27 40 and +38 (067) 573 79 99, E-mail: [mailto:ceo@sig-automation.com ceo@sig-automation.com], [https://sig-automation.com/en www.sig-automation.com]<br/>• '''Latrock GmbH''', Darmstädter Landstr. 116, 60598 Frankfurt am Main, Phone: +49 6128 8600121, E-mail: [mailto:contact@latrock.com contact@latrock.com] [https://latrock.com/ www.latrock.com]]]

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== Date of next meeting ==
[[File:AiCAMstir Kick-off Meeting, 29th July 2021 - Slide 36.JPG|thumb|left|upright=3.2|alt=|The next meeting will be held as shown on [[Upcoming events]]. Please contact [mailto:stephan.kallee@alustir.com stephan.kallee@alustir.com] if you want to participate in this meeting and/or the aiCAM<sup>''stir''</sup> project]]